Curtain roller



W. J. STUBER Aug. 28, 1934.

CURTAIN ROLLER Filed Oct. 3, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet O 0 ao Aug. 28, 1934.

w. J. vs TUBER CURTAIN ROLLER Filed Oct. 3, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 W. J. STUBER CURTAIN ROLLER Aug. 28, 1934.

Filed Oct. 5. 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented ug. 2.8, 1934` PATENT volii-Ibla 1,971,995 oURTAiN ROLLER.

Walter J. Stuber, Philadelphia, Pa., assigner to Carey-McFall Co., Philadelphia, Pa., a' corporation of Pennsylvania Application October 3, 1932, Serial No. 636,071

20 Claims.

This invention relates to spring-loaded curtainV roller assemblies. The present application constitutes a continuation in part of the applicants prior application Serial Number 580,706, filed De-A v cember 12,1931, and is a companion to the applicants oopending applications Serial Number 636,072, and Serial Number 636,073, each filed on October 3, 1932, and respectively patented under Numbers, 1,928,549, and 1,928,550, each on September'26, 1933. Y n The principal' object of the present invention is to providea spring-loaded curtain rollerl assembly consisting of a minimumrnumber ofparts that may be inexpensively manufactured and assem- -152 bled and which will function manner.

Another objectofth'e invention is'to provide actuating mechanism for lthe roller which maybe fully assembledl as a unit and adjusted for proper operation before being inserted into the roller.

Anotherobject of the invention` is to provide a roller supporting and actuating mechanism employing a relatively short'trunnion that will require but a single relatively narrow bearingin the 125 roller for efcientoperationof the mechanism asl ,Another feature ofthe invention is the ,pro- Vision of an actuating spring of unique construc-L tionconnected in a unique manner to the short 30v trunnion and 'with respectto the trunnion'bearing, whereby the use of the single narrow bearing is made'possible.V

Another object of the invention is to provide a special bracket or hanger for the short trunnion whereby the-trunnion-willbe rigidly supportedin a predetermined position for effecting eicient cooperation between the elements of the roller mechanism under certain circumstances' attending the use of the short trunnion and its single bearing in the roller; and whereby the rattle commonly found in shade rollers of automobiles and other Vehicles as a'result of looseness between the roller trunnions and theirsupporting brackets is eliminated. v

Another feature of the invention resides in the construction of the roller trunnion and the associated elements'of the roller mechanism whereby the trunnion may 'have 'two or more bearings in the roller if desired. A

The constructionv and operation of Various forms of assemblies that are possible under the principles of the present invention will vbe fully disclosed hereinafter, l reference -being'had to the accompanying drawings, of'which:

in a highly eflicient- 1 solid wooden roller and brackets of the type em- ?Fg. l is a longitudinal'sectional *elevation of one end of a roller and its supporting bracket made and assembled in accordance with the principles of the present invention;

Figs. 2 and 3 are transverse sectional elevations taken Von the 'lines 2--2 and 3--3 respectively of ,60 Fig. 1; f

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional plan view of a roller and -the supporting brackets'at opposite ends thereof showing avariation in the assembly from that of Fig. 1;

Fig.,5 is al longitudinal sectional elevation of a spring-loaded roller and its supporting brackets at its opposite ends and shows another variation from the assembly of Figs. 1 and 4; l

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5 but showing a 70 ployed with' household window shades; A

Fig; 7 is .a side elevation of a modiiiedfform of trunnion-for use in rollers of the type shown in Figs. 1 to -inclusive;

Fig. 8 is aeview similar to Fig. 1 but showing another `form of assembly; and

Fig. 9 is a transverse sectional elevation taken on the line 9-9, Fig. 8.

As shown" in Figs. 1 to 5 an d18 and 9, the 30' roller 1 is of the hollow barrel type and is composed 'of sheet metal-bent into cylindrical form with the transverse edges of the rolledsheet joinedr as at 2. The Vbarrel-'1 is provided with a longitudinally extending internally rolled portion 3 providing a' cavity having la mouth opening on slot 4 adapted to receive and maintain within the cavity one transverse edge of a drop sheet that is adapted to be wound on the'roller.

The roller 1, is provided at one end with a Y9() trunnion 'which, as described in the companion application SerialNumber 636,072, above noted, iscomposed of dat rectangular stockv shaped .to form a head 6, a neck 7, a ratchet portion 8, of lesser width than the head 6, which is provided 95 with indentations 9 providing ratchet teethon the trunnion, and va. shank 10 of'lesser Width than the ratchet portion 8, providing shoulders 1l, 11 on the trunnion adjacent the ratchet portion 8. Y

The corners 12, 12, of the rectangular shank adjacent the shoulders 11, 11 are substantially straight and parallel and .provide a bearing surface 13 for the roller, on the trunnion immediately adjacent the .shoulders 11, v11.

` Beyond the straight edged bearing portion 13 the trunnion tapers convergently,` as at 14, andin some `instance's,"a's shownin` Figs. V1 and 7, the corners oftherectangular cross section of the tapered portion 14= are Lnotched as at 15 to pro- 110 the ratchet portion 8 is twisted circularly about vide a tapering screw thread on the inner end of the trunnion.

The end of the roller 1 is closed by a head 16 centrally apertured at 17 to pass over and revolve freely about the trunnion without contacting with any portion thereof, in the instances shown in Figs. l, 4, 5 and 6.

The head 16 is provided with aflange composed of segments 18, 18 which project into and fit snugly within the hollow roller 1. The iian'ge segments 18, 18 are secured in the roller 1 by in dentations 19, 19 extending into corresponding indentations 20, 20 formed in the flange, to prevent relative axial movement between the roller barrel l and the head 16.` The slots 18a, 18a

formed in the flange between the vsegments 18, 18 receive the roll 3 and seam 2 of the roller barrel and prevent relative circular movement between the roller barrel 1 and head 16.

Transversely disposed in the roller 1, within the iiange of the head 16 andcontactingwith theindentations 20, is a pawl-carrying plate 21 which is prevented from moving inwardly within the roller by reason of its contact with the indentations 20, 20. Outward movement of the plate 21 relative to the roller is prevented by the heads or outer ends 22 of studs23 which are riveted or 4otherwiseV secured in the plate. The stud heads l22-contact with the inner surface of the roller head 16. Relative circular movement between the plate 21, the flange of the head `16 and the roller, barrel 1I is prevented by the roll 3 and: seam 2 fitting within notches 18h formed in the plate 2l APivotallymounted on the studs 23, 2-3l1are pawls 24, 24 respectively. At various times dur-- ing the rotation of the roller about vthe trunnion 5,one orthe other of pawls 24 is adapted to engage in one of the indentations 9 in the ratchet portion 8 of the trunnion 5to arrestrotation of the roller under the iniiuence .of4 the rolleractuatingspringn. The head 6 of the -trunnion'fnormally, though not necessarily, isheld in a verti cal plane by the bracket in which the trunnion is supported and in order -topresent the ratchet;

portion4 8 vof the trunnion, 3 or .at least one of the tooth indentations 9 respectively located in opposite vfaces of the ratchetfportionS, in the most favorable position to receive the pawls 24 the vlongitudinal axisA of 4the trunnion, in the rneck portion. 7 V`thereof whichlies intermediate the head portion 6 and fthe ratchetportion 8. The` angle of the plane ofthe ratchet portion 8 relative to the vertical plane ofthe head 6 should be as near as possible to 90, however, an angle anywhere between 45 and 90 will serve the purpose-and an angle of 70 has been found 1f vthe plane ofthe he d is horizontal, obviouslyno Atwist in the trunnion is necessary as the ratchet portion 8 would then assume a horizontal plane and the pawls would cooperate with, the tooth indentation 9 in the upper surface of the ratchet portion 8 without diflculty.

The plate 21 is provided with a bearing 25 which isadapted to revolve freely on and about the bearing portion 1 3 0f the trunnion 5.

The plate2l is also provided with pressed out eyes or1staple-like portions 26, 26-through which one? end "27j of an outer coil 28 of: a double cone centric coil springgBOisvthreaded to anchorthe most satisfactory.

said end ofthe said outerfcoil to the barrel ofthe. rolle r, :flhe remotely- ,disposediend ofthe' at opposite sides thereof .(see,

outer coil 28, is integrally connected to and is a continuation of, a correspondingly disposed end of an inner coil 29 of said double coil spring 30. The opposite end of the said inner coil 29, of the roller-actuating spring 30, that is, the end disposed adjacent the pawl carrier and bearing plate 21, `is gradually reducedindiameter, as illustrated at 31,1and the convolutions of the smaller end 32 of the inner coil 29 are threaded onto the tapered screw threaded end 14 of the shank 10 of the trunnion 5. The taper of the trunnion, as the end 32 of the spring is screwed thereonto, expands the convolutions of the said end of the spring and progressively increasesthe frctional grip of the spring on the trunnion, which for all practical purposes becomes an integral joint between the two. The extreme end of the spring passes off the screw threaded tapered portion of the trunnion onto the plain straight edges 12 of the bearing portion 13 of the trunnion and forms a thrust bearing for and at one side of the bear--v ing 25 of the plate 21. The shoulders 11,11 of the ratchet portion 8 form a thrust bearing for, and at the opposite side of the bearing 25 of the plate 21, whereby the pawl carrier plate 2l is permittedfree rotation about the trunnion but is denied relative axialmovement with respect thereto.

The bracket 35, in which the head 6 of the trunnion 5 is mounted, is covered perse in the companion application Serial Number 636,073, above referred to and comprises a base Aplate 36,` composedwofv sheet metal having a fairly high degreev of inherent. resiliency, Oriscapable oil-10 acquiring a required amount of resiliency by heat treatment orother hardening process.

The face -plate 36 is provided with al rectanguey lai` opening 37 of such dimensions as to receive` the rectangular head of the trunnion 5 snugly, however, asa result of manufacturers tolerances, in some instances, a very slightl amount of differencemay occur between the dimensions `of the head 6 and the dimensions of the opening 37.v Such differences ordinarily would permit relative movement between these elements which, in4 the caseof automobile shades, due to runavoidable vibrations occurring in the body of the vehi-` cle. in which the shade is hung, will cause rat tling noises. Furthermore, anyy slight difference in the sizes of the head 6 and opening 37`will create mechanical looseness between' the trunnion and the bracket. f 1 l The `trunnion 5 in the present case is short and extends but part way through the spring 30 and 130 has no bearing in the roller except that in the pawl carrier plate 21,.thus .with the spring 30 completely unwound, or nearly so, .there would exista very loose 'relation between the trunnion, the roller, and the supporting bracket. "135 In order to overcome this condition,l and to rtake upy any looseness between thebracket and trunnion such as would cause rattling, as noted above, the face plate 36 is provided with spring tongues 38, 38, arranged to engage the head 6 140 of the trunnion on diametrically opposed sides or edges of the trunnion head, said spring tonguesV extending substantially parallel to the axis of the trunnion and bearing on the top andbottom, to maintain the trunnion substantially rigid in a practically xed position substantially perpen dicular tothe face plate 36 of thef'bracket, so that no lateral sway Yof the trunnion is permitted and, as a result thereof nowabbling` action of the roller is present, even,though the roller ,has but a single relatively short bearing on the trunnion.

As the spring is wound, by rotating the roller relative4 to the fixed trunnion 5,` the winding action has beenv Yfoundto occur first in the inner smaller coil 29 of the double coil spring 30. vThe winding action has the effect of building up or adding additional convolutions to that end of the inner' coil remotely situated with respect to the pawl carrier plate 21, to which the opposite end ofthe outer coil 28 is secured.y This eiect of adding of convolutions tothe inner coil is due to the reduction of the diameter of the inner coil as a result of the Winding. By this action the convolutions of the inner coil move into close, rm contact with each other, thereby causing the inner coil to become practically rigid longitudinally. The effect of adding convolutionsto the said remotely disposed end of the innerrcoil increases the length thereof, and tends to stretch the outer coil 28, as clearly shown in Fig. 1, placing the outer coil under tension. As the one end of the outer coil 28 is anchored to the pawl carrier plate 21 at diametrically opposed peints with respect to the axis of the trunnion, and the remotely situated end of the outer coil is secured to the corresponding remotely situated end or the substantially longitudinally rigid inner coil 29 the axis of the spring 30 attains a coinciding relationwith respect to the axis ofthe trunnion and the axis of the roller, and, as the plate 2 1 is held against any tilting movement relative to the roller the spring and trunnion are held in axial alignment with each other and with the roller, consequently, even though the trunnion has but a single relative narrow bearing in the roller the trunnion is maintained in such firm operative c'caxially aligned relation to the roller that the roller will rotate concentrically on and without wabbling with respect to the trunnion. 1

Under such circumstances the roller assembly may be used with brackets wherein no spring tongues 38 or equivalent means for holding the trunnion in perpendicular relation to the `face plate of the bracketis provided, such, for example, as in cases where the common form of bracket 35a, such as are used lwith ordinary wooden household shade rollers 1d, as in Fig. 6, is employed. However, in installations in moving vehicles it is desirable to use a bracket having the spring'tongues or their mechanical equivalents to prevent rattling between the trunnion and the bracket.

`In` some instances a two-point bearing for the roller on the trunnion may be desired. In one case, as shown in Fig. 7, the shank of the trunnion may bev provided with an axially aligned extension 40, the remote end of which, which is adapted to extend beyond the free lend of the roller-actuating spring, may be mounted` in a secondfbearing 42 in the roller, which, in the case of wooden rollers, such as shown in Fig. 6, may be provided by a counterbore 42 in theend of the main bore 43 in which the actuating spring 30a is located. yThe second bearing remotelyr situatedwith respect to the bearing 25a aiorded by the pawl carrier plate 21a will maintain axial alignment between the roller 1a and trunnion 5a irrespective of the stateof the spring, whether it be fully unwound or not. Y.

' .A two-point bearing may be also providedby the construction shownin Figs.8 and 9, wherein the neck '7b of thetrunnion5b affords a'bearing for the head plate 16h-of` the roller` 1b, and Wherein the aperture 17h in lthe head'plate 16h is made of a size to fit the neck 75, snugly butin afmanner-` to permit freerelative rotation between the head plate and the trunnion. The twist in the` neck 7b tends to elongate the possible bearing surface circularly about the trunnion to an ,extent of approximately` depending upon the angle of the ratchet Vportion brelative to the head portion 6b of the trunnion 5b, over arbearing afforded by the tworelatively `narrow edges of the rectangular neck in cases where no twist .in the trunnion is'provided. 1

In order to prevent or limit longitudinal vmovement of the rollers in their supporting brackets several methods may be provided in connection with thetrunnion to which the actuating spring is anchored. For example, in Fig. 1, the end `39A of the trunnion head 6, may function as 4 a shoulder or abutment to contact with the inner surface of a dish-like shield 45 that is rigidly connected to the bracket face plate 36, as dis-` closed in the above mentioned copending application Serial Number 636,073, to limit the movement of the trunnion 5, and consequently lthe entire roller 1 and the drop sheet wound thereon, in a direction toward the bracket 35, while movement of the roller in the oppositeY direction, see Fig. 4, may be limited by a shoulder formed by a collar 139 on a trunnion 105 that is rigidly secured in and projects perpendicular to a face plate 136 of a bracket 135 at the far end of the roller.

The trunnion in the said far end` of the roller projects into and has snug rotative bearing in a disc 121 composed of fibre or other ynoise absorbing material, which is located in and held between the inner surface of a head plate 116 and indentations of a closure cup having a ange 118 yfitting within the end ofthe kroller and secured thereon by indentations 119 projecting into the said indentures 120 ofy the flange '118.

rI'he collar 139 on the trunnion 105 is disposed between the face plate 136 of the bracket 135 and the bearing plate 121 and limits movement of the roller toward the bracket 135. l

In Fig. 4 the drop sheet vX has a width that substantially equals the length of the roller upon which it is wound. Some classes of curtain material tend to shrink considerably and expose the ends of the roller. To avoid this condition Fig. 5 shows a curtain of the same width as that shown in Fig. 4, but the roller is relatively, shortened so that the edges of the curtain overhang the ends o the roller. In'this instance,

should the curtain shrink transversely the ends,`

of the roller would not be exposed. Y

In order to retain the brackets the same distance apart in all cases so as to provideworke ing space for the overhanging edges of the kdrop sheet, it is necessary to provide means to compensate for the shortening of theroller and in Fig. 5 the trunnion 5c is shown as having later'ally extending ears 46, 46 on the head 6c'ad-' jacent the neck portion 7c of the trunnion, the ears bearing against the face plate 36o ofY the bracket 35o. Inv this case the end 390 of the trunnion 5c does not bear against the shield 450' which may be of deeper disc construction than the shield shown in Fig. 1. At the opposite end of the roller the collar 139e on the trunnion 105e is of greater width than the collar 139 in Fig. 4, and fills the space between the'bre disc 1210 and the face plate 136e of the bracket 135e.- With this construction the curtain may shrink a considerable amount without exposing the endsofthe roller. f i l the shield in Fig. 5, may be o a'deeperdisc construction than the shield shown in Fig. 1 or of `5 a semispherical construction wherein theend of the trunnion head would be quite distantly spaced from the inner surface of the shield, -andin such cases the twistof the trunnion at the neck 7a thereof may form shoulders 39a. 39a thaty bear against the edges ci the iace o1 the plate 36 at the mouth of the opening 37a therein. and in which the trunnion head 6 is disposed.

1 In cases such as that illustrated in Fig. 6, wherein the bracket 35a is of the common variety usually employed with household window shades and is devoid of a shield, the trunnion c is provided With ears 46a, 46a, one or the other or both of which may bear against the face of the bracket and limit the movement ci the roller 1 in a direction toward the bracket a. Y

The roller la in this instance is of the Wooden type bored inwardlyy from one end as shown at to receive the double coil actuating spring Sca., the one end of the outer coil y28a of which is secured to a pawl carrier plate 21a, in the same manner as noted above and as shown inFigs. 1 and 3, while the corresponding end of the inner coil29a is anchored to the tapered end of the trunnion 5a in the manner disclosed in Fig.' l 01 Fig. 8. f The pawl carrier plate in this instance is provided With lugs 51 which are bent outwardly from the plate and driven into the end of the Wooden roller 1a. to lock the plate and roller together. The plate 21a is provided with a Iiange 52 which in effect is an extension to the roller la, and provides a cavity for the pawls 2da. rIr'he end of the roller is closed kby a cap comprising ya head 16a and a iiange 18o: that extends over the flange A52 of the pawl carrier plate 21a and the adjacent portion of the roller 1,'and is crimped into the Wooden roller behind the plate 21a..

With the construction of the power unit that includes the plate 2.1, the short trunnicn 5 and the spring 3()y any slight misalignment .of these elements with respect to each other and Ato the roller Will not affect the efncient operation of the device, for the reason that, While the inner coil 29 of the springrstifens longitudinally when the spring 30 is Wound to some extent at least and thereby'stabilizes the short trunnion 5 in its sole bearing 25 in the plate 21, the inner coil 29, of the spring 30, or the spring 30 as a whole, can flex laterally to some extent when such slight misalignment of these elements occurs, or when the bracket which supports the short trunnion 5 isnot in true axial alignment with the roller.

`I claim:

1. The combination of a roller, a short trunnion rotatably mounted in one end thereof, and a spring having one end secured to the inner end of the trunnion and its opposite end secured to the roller adjacent said trunnion with the body of the spring extending into the roller beyond the said inner end of the trunnion.

. r2. The combination oic a roller, a plate at one end of the roller, a short trunnion rotatably mounted in the plate, and a spring having one end secured to the inner end of the trunnion and its opposite end sectued to said plate adjacent said trunnion with the body of the spring extending into the roller vbeyond the said inner end of the trunnion.-

i 5` 3. The combination of a roller, a plate at one end of the roller, a short trunnion rotatably mounted in the plate with one end projecting into the roller, and a spring comprising inner and outer coils concentrically arranged about the trunnion and extending into the roller beyond the projecting end of the trunnion with one end of the inner coil secured to the projecting end of the trunnion and the corresponding end of the outer coil secured to the plate.

f 4. The combination of a roller, a plate at one end of the roller, a short trunnion having a sole rotative bearing intermediate its ends in the plate, and a spring comprising inner and outer coils'concentrically arranged about and extending beyond the inner projecting end of the trunnion and having one end of the inner coil connected thereto with the corresponding end of the outer coil connected to the plate, said connections functioning as the sole means of support for the spring Within the roller. v

5. The combination of a roller, a trunnion rotatablymounted in one end of the roller, a tapered anchorage formed on the trunnion, a spring having one end encircling the tapered an-r chorage and expanded thereby into rigid gripping contact with the trunnion, and means for securing the opposite end of the spring to the roller.

6.7The combination of a roller, a trunnion rotatablyv mounted in one end of the roller, a tapered screw-threaded anchorage formed on the trunnion, a coiled spring having convolutions of a normally cylindrical end thereof threaded onto the tapered screvv-threaded anchorage and expanded thereby into rigid gripping contact with the trunnion, and means for securing the opposite end of the spring to the roller.

7. The combination of a roller, a trunnion rotatably mounted in one end of the roller and comprising a tapered anchorage having a rectangular cross section, a spring having one normally cylindrically coiled end encircling the tapered rectangular anchorage and expanded thereby into rigid gripping contact with the longitudinal corners of the said tapered rectangular anchorage, and means for securing the opposite end' of the spring to the roller.

8. The combination of a roller, a trunnion rotatably mounted in one end of the roller and comprising a tapered anchorage rectangular in cross section and notched at spaced intervals along its longitudinal cornersa spring having the convolutions of a normallycylindrically coiled end thereof seated in said notches and expanded' by the. taper of said anchorage4 into rigid gripping contact therewith, and means for securing the opposite end of the spring to the roller.

9.L The combination of a roller, a platetransversely disposed inthe roller, a trunnion rotatably mounted in the plate, a tapered portion on the trunnion at one side of the plate, and a double spring comprising inner and outer concentrically arranged coils projecting from the` plate and beyond the tapered portion of the trunnion and operatively connected together at their ends remotely situated with respect to the plate, the opposite endof the inner coil encircling the tapered portion of the trunnionk and expanded thereby into rigid gripping contact therewith and the corresponding end of the outer coil secured to said plate. v

1Q. The combination of a roller, a plate transversely disposed in the roller, a short trunnion rotatably mounted in the plate, a tapered end on the trunnion at`one side of the plate, and a ein double spring at said side of the plate comprising inner and outery concentrically arranged coils projecting beyond the-said end of the short trunnion and connected together at their ends remotely situated with respect to the' plate, the opposite end of Y the inner coilA encircling the tapered end of the trunnion-and expanded thereby into rigid gripping contact therewith and the correspondingend of the outer coil secured to said plate.

11. A roller power unit comprising a plate, a short trunnion rotatably mounted in the plate, and a spring extending from the plate and beyond a projecting end of the trunnion and returning upon itself to the plate with the oppositeV ends of the spring secured to the plate and to the projecting end of the trunnion respectively.

12. A roller power unit comprising a plate, a short trunnion rotatably mounted in said plate, a spring extending from the plate and beyond one projecting end of the trunnion and returning upon itself to the plate with its opposite ends secured to the said projecting end of the trunnion and to the plate respectively, a ratchet portion on the trunnion at the opposite side of the plate from the spring, and a pawl pivotally mounted on the last said side of the plate for engagement with the said ratchet portion of the trunnion.

13. A roller power unit comprising a plate, a short trunnion rotatably mounted in said plate, a spring extending from the plate and beyond one projecting end of the trunnion and returning upon itself to the plate with its opposite ends secured to the said projecting end of the trunnion and to the plate respectively, a ratchet portion on the trunnion at the opposite side of the plate from the spring, a pawl pivotally mounted on the last said side of the plate for engagement with the said ratchet portion of the trunnion, and a cap enclosing the said plate, pawl and ratchet portion of the trunnion.

14. A roller power unit comprising a plate, a short trunnion rotatably mounted in said plate,

V-L a spring extending from the plate and beyondl one projecting end of theV trunnion and returning upon itself to the plate with its opposite ends secured to the said projecting end of the trunnion and to the plate respectively, a ratchet portion on the trunnion at the opposite side of the plate from the spring, a pawl pivotally mounted on the last said side of the plate for engagement with the said ratchet portion of the trunnion, a cap enclosing the said plate, pawl and ratchet portion of the trunnion and providing means for securing the power unit to the roller, and a rectangular head on the trunnion and projecting beyond the cap whereby the trunnion may be non-rotatably supported for actuating 'the roller.

15. The combination of a roller, a trunnion rotatably mounted in and projecting beyond one end of the roller, a support outside and disposed adjacent the said end of the roller and having an opening for receiving the projecting end of the trunnion, and resilient means carried by the support for engaging the projecting portion of the trunnion.

16. The combination of a roller, a trunnion having a single bearing in one end of the roller and a flat sided head projecting beyond the said end of the roller, and a bracket comprising a plate having an opening arranged to receive the said head of the trunnion and spring tongues extending laterally from the plate for llongitudinally engaging the trunnion t maintain the 1 trunnion substantially perpendicular to' the plate'ofthe bracket. Y i" t 1'7. rThe combination of a roller, a trunnion` of rectangular cross section throughout at Aone'end of the roller and comprising a iiat headportion projecting beyond the endof the roller, a at ratchet portion-adjacent said hea'df-'a`V reduced shank projecting from said ratchet portion` producing llaterally extendingshoulders onfthe trunnion, a plate disposed transversely of the 135 roller and having bearing on the shank adjacent said shoulders, a tapered end on the shank adjacent said plate, a double spring comprising inner and outer concentric coils projecting from the plate beyond the tapered end of the shank, the end of the inner coil adjacent the plate encircling the tapered end of the shank and expanded thereby into rigid gripping contact therewith, said Yspring end functioning as a thrust bearing for the plate at the side opposite to that lying adjacent said shoulders, the corresponding end of the outer coil being secured to the plate, and pawls pivotally mounted on the plate for engagement with the said iiat ratchet portion of the trunnion.

18. The combination of a roller, a trunnion of rectangular cross section throughout at one end of the roller and comprising a flat head portion projecting beyond the end of the roller, a flat ratchet portion adjacent said head, a reduced m5 shank projecting from said ratchet portion producing laterally extending shoulders on the trunnion, a plate disposed transversely of the rollerV and having bearing on the shank adjacent said shoulders, a tapered end on the shank adjacent said plate, a double spring comprising inner and outer concentric coils projecting from the plate beyond the tapered end of the shank, the end of the inner coil adjacent the plate encircling the tapered end of the shank and being expanded thereby into rigid gripping contact therewith, said spring end funcaso lil)

Vtioning as a thrust bearing for the plate at the ders, the corresponding end ofv the outer coil m being secured to the plate, and pawls pivotally mounted on the plate for engagement with the said ilat ratchet portion of the trunnion, said iiat ratchet portion being twisted circularly about the axis of the trunnion with respect to the said nat head portion thereof to facilitate said engagement by said pawls.

19. The combination of a roller, a trunnion of rectangular cross section throughout at one end of the roller and comprising a ilat head 13G portion projecting beyond the end of the roller, a nat ratchet portion adjacent said head, a reduced shank projecting from said ratchet portion, a plate disposed transversely of the roller and having bearing on the shank adjacent said shoulders, pawls on the plate for en'- gagement with the said flat ratchet portion of the trunnion, said flat ratchet portion being twisted circularly about the axis of the trunnion with respect to the said flathead. portion thereof to facilitate said engagement by said pawls, said twist forming a second bearing surface for the roller on the trunnion in spaced relation to the bearing surface afforded by said shank,

and a second plate disposed transversely of the GDI having a bearing on the shank adjacent said shoulder, a spring having one end secured vto the roller and its other end encircling the ta.- pered portion of the trunnion and expanded thereby into rigidgripping contact therewith, said shank extension projecting through the spring and having a bearing in the roller beyond the spring.

WALTER J. STUBER. 

